5^th Annual Conference and Expo on Biomaterials August 31-01, 2020 Rome, Italy

Biography:

Shih-Fu, Ou started his master study since 2003 in the department of mechanical engineering at National Taiwan University of Science and Technology for research of bone cement. Afterwards, he obtained his Ph.D. degree in 2011 from the department of mechanical engineering at National Taiwan University for research the anodic oxidation of titanium alloys applied in biomedical implants. Since 2020, he is associate professor of department of mold and die in National Kaohsiung University of Sciences and Technology. His current research is divided into three parts. The first is focused on using powder metallurgy to form bioceramic and ceramic-metal composites. The second is to develop NiTi biomaterial by arc-melting. The third is to modify the surface physical and chemical properties of Ti and NiTi alloys applied as implants.

Abstract:

NiTi alloys are one of the most important shape memory alloys because of their superior shape memory effect and peseudoelasticity compared to other shape memory alloys. NiTi alloys have been used in orthopaedic device applications, such as osteotomy fixation staples and intramedullary implants owing to their unique shape memory effect, superelasticity, low elastic modulus, and good resistance to fatigue. However, they suffer some drawbacks. The NiTi alloys lack antibacterial properties, and some patients are allergic to components with Ni. This study fabricated a Ag/collagen coating on a porous oxide film on NiTi alloy to improve the antibacterial ability of NiTi implants. Plasma electrolytic oxidation was first applied on NiTi to form a porous surface, which was then coated with silver through electrochemical deposition (ECP). Collagen was then used to modulate the amounts and shapes of the Ag during ECP. It was found that Ag aggregations with coarse dendritic structures were non-uniformly distributed on the surface. The distrubution of Ag aggregations was improved by deposition of collagen and Ag in the same time. The addition of collagen enables the silver aggregation to change to a sphere-like shape. Furthermore, the assistance of collagen also reduces the size of Ag aggregation. Cross-sectional TEM indicated that many Ag clusters are aggregated with each other and fill part of the pores on the oxide surface and inside the oxide film. The deposition of Ag on the oxide film causes the contact angle to increase, which suggests that the Ag-covered surface is hydrophobic. The Ag/collagen coating improves the hydrophilicity of the porous oxide film on NiTi alloy. The Ag/collagen coating can effectively prevent adhesion adn proliferation of Escherichia coli. The oxide film can protect the substrate from bacteria adhesion but cannot kill the bacterial in the suspension

Biography:

Pacha-Olivenza M.A., has completed his PhD at the age of 28 years from Extremadura University School of Medicine. He is a Professor at the Department of Biomedical Sciences at the University of Extremadura. His research interest is focused on the physical-chemical characteristics of surfaces that are relevant for the biocompatibility of medical devices and in the interactions between bacteria and surfaces. He belongs to the research Group of Microbial Adhesion of the Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Instituto de Salud Carlos III. He has about 35 scientific articles and more than 80 contributions to congresses.      

Abstract:

The development of biomaterials for biodegradable and bioabsorbable implants in bone repair continues to gain popularity. Magnesium and its alloys have emerged as firm candidates because they combine a suitable Young's modulus, close to that of the bone, low density, good biocompatibility andbioactivity. Despite these interesting properties,magnesium alloys also have some draw backs. For example, their relatively fast degradation rates which, depending on the nature and amount of alloying elements, can induce some toxicity. An important factor in the use for these applications is that degradation products could be at bacterial adhesion, and so contribute avoiding infection and the consequent implant failure. The antibacterial capacity of Mg–base alloys has been evaluated in previous studies but there is still a lack of consensus. Different approaches have been implemented to partly overcome disadvantages associated with the fast corrosion rate. In this work, the application of laser shock processing (LSP) technology to bioabsorbable magnesium is presented for the specificcase of a commercially pure Mg and a Mg-1Zn alloy. Zinc as an alloying element has the capability of enhancing the corrosion resistance and the mechanical properties of magnesium. Our aim is to relate the possible generated subsurface residual stresses, together with the modification of the surface microstructure, the modification of corrosion behaviour, the adhesion and viability of a strain of Staphylococcus epidermidis, which is one of the main bacteria present in nosocomial implant related infections and the specific effects of the inclusion of 1 wt% Zn in solid solution on LSP Mg.

Biography:

Martina Marsotto is Ph.D student of “Material Sciences, Nanotechnology and Complex Systems” at Roma Tre University (Dept. of Science) of Rome (Italy), supervised by Assoc. Prof. Dr. Chiara Battocchio. Her research interests are biocompatible materials functionalized with appropriate biomolecules for applications in the field of tissue engineering. In particular, her Ph.D research project deals with the investigation of titania (a biocompatible material widely used in the field of implantology) surfaces modified with biomolecules, as for example oligopeptides or oligosaccharides, using Synchrotron Radiation-induced XPS, NEXAFS and FTIR spectroscopies. She has one paper, as first author.

Abstract:

In the field of tissue engineering, a promising approach to obtain a bioactive, biomimetic, and antibiotic implant is the functionalization of a “classical” biocompatible material, for example, titanium, with appropriate biomolecules. For this purpose, we propose preparing self-assembling films of multiple components, allowing the mixing of different biofunctionalities “on demand”. Self-assembling peptides (SAPs) are synthetic materials characterized by the ability to self-organize in nanostructures both in aqueous solution and as thin or thick films. Moreover, layers of SAPs adhere on titanium surface as a scaffold coating to mimic the extracellular matrix. Chitosan is a versatile hydrophilic polysaccharide derived from chitin, with a broad antimicrobial spectrum to which Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and fungi are highly susceptible, and is already known in the literature for the ability of its derivatives to firmly graft titanium alloys and show protective effects against some bacterial species, either alone or in combination with other antimicrobial substances such as antibiotics or antimicrobial peptides. In this context, we functionalized titanium surfaces with the peptides alone (RGD and HVP) and with chitosan grafted to the same peptides (Chit-RGD and Chit-HVP). The chemical composition, molecular structure, and arrangement of the obtained biofunctionalized surfaces were investigated by surface-sensitive techniques such as reflection−absorption infrared spectroscopy (RAIRS) and state-of-the-art synchrotron radiation-induced spectroscopies as X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (SR-XPS), and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS).

Biography:

Gizem ÇiÄŸdem Demir has received her BSc degree in the Department of Biological Sciences at Middle East Technical University. She is an MSc candidate at Middle East Technical University, Department of Biotechnology. She is currently focused on wound dressings and skin tissue engineering

Abstract:

Gelatin has been widely used in tissue scaffolds due to its excellent biocompatibility, low antigen property, controllable biodegradability, hemostatic property and ability to stimulate cell adhesion/ growth. In literature, xanthan, a water-soluble natural gum produced by fermentation of sugar, is used as adjuvant hydrogel in tissue engineering as well as drug delivery applications. In this study, the potential of vitamin C containing oxidized xanthan (OX) and gelatin (GEL) composite hydrogels of different OX:GEL ratios was investigated as a wound dressing for the first time in the literature. Borax, a non-toxic, inexpensive and readily available cross-linker were used for preparing the composite hydrogels. Also, CaCl2 was used as a crosslinker alongside borax to increase the degree of crosslinking and to make hydrogel durable for treatment time. Initially, concentration of crosslinkers ,boraks (Bo): CaCl2 (Ca), then ratio of OX:Gelatin (1:3, 2:3, 1:1 wt:wt) was optimized. Among groups with different crosslinker ratios (2Bo:1Ca, 1Bo:2Ca and 1Bo:1Ca wt:wt), the hydrogel crosslinked with 2Bo:1Ca wt:wt ratio had the highest structural stability. Vitamin C was used to improve skin regeneration and due to its antioxidant properties. Hydrogel groups with different OX:Gelatin ratios (1:3, 2:3, 1:1 wt:wt) were compared through study. In vitro studies were conducted with fibroblast (L929) cell line. Cell proliferation was highest on OX:Gelatin(1:3 wt:wt) hydrogel. In order to solve the problems encountered in the current dressing applications; Physicochemical, mechanical and in vitro biocompatibility properties of composite hydrogels containing vitamin C are under investigation. The authors acknowledge METU BIOMATEN for financial support and laboratory facilities.

Biography:

Pacha-Olivenza M.A., has completed his PhD at the age of 28 years from Extremadura University School of Medicine. He is a Professor at the Department of Biomedical Sciences at the University of Extremadura. His research interest is focused on the physical-chemical characteristics of surfaces that are relevant for the biocompatibility of medical devices and in the interactions between bacteria and surfaces. He belongs to the research Group of Microbial Adhesion of the Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Instituto de Salud Carlos III. He has about 35 scientific articles and more than 80 contributions to congresses.

Abstract:

The role of metals and metal alloys in implant design focuses mainly. However, it cannot be expected that rigid metallic devices can adapt to the physiological evolution of carrier, especially in the case of children, nor that long term safety can be guaranteed, as in the case of any foreign material within the human body. In this scenario, biodegradable metals, mainly magnesium and their alloys have been introduced  to suit resorption needs. However, both metals suffer from attack of chloride containing environment, such as human body fluids, but both are elements present in human body, ensuring its non-toxicity for a moderate release. The controlled corrosion rate can result in progressively decreasing mechanical support as implant is replaced by new tissue until the fracture heals. This advantage makes unnecessary any secondary surgery. On the other hand, metal implants are also susceptible to bacterial infection. The local defense system is highly affected by the surgical trauma after implantation, and it is highly susceptible time for bacterial infection. Hydroxyapatite (HA), that is basically pure calcium phosphate, has favorable osteo-conductive and bioactive properties making it a preferred biomaterial for both biomedical applications. The purpose of this work is to evaluate the applicability of HA coating on biodegradable implant metal, AZ31, using electrodeposition treatment. After conditioning, the morphological and chemical changes of the surfaces are observed in SEM, AFM, Tofsims and hydrophobicity analyses, in addition the adhesion and viability of a strain of Staphylococcus aureus.

Biography:

Dr. Jinhua Li received his Ph.D. in Materials Science from University of Chinese Academy of Sciences in 2016. He then worked as postdoc researcher from 2016 to 2018 at University of Hong Kong. He is currently Alexander von Humboldt Fellow at Technische Universität Dresden. His research interests focus on functional nanomaterials and their biological effects to unveil the mechanism of nano–bio interactions.

Abstract:

The rise of multidrug-resistant bacteria and the dearth of novel antibiotic development urgently need breakthrough strategies that go beyond classical antibiotic mechanism to fight this approaching human health cataclysm. There is an increasing demand for successful infection treatment through innovative therapy solutions. Inspired by the metabolism cascade of bacteria, a new antibacterial concept i.e. “bacteria starvation therapy” is developed to enable the drainage of extracellular electrons from the electron transfer chain in membrane respiration and thereby interrupt the energy metabolism. This thought has been realized by several elaborately designed material systems including: (i) graphene film on conductor Cu, semiconductor Ge and insulator SiO2 substrates, (ii) Ag, Au or Co doped TiO2 coatings, and (iii) W doped VO2 thin films. We first design system (i) and show that the antibacterial ability has a strong dependence on substrate electrical conductivity (band structure) in the order of Cu > Ge > SiO2. To testify our thought, we further use system (ii) to display that the antibacterial activity can be significantly enhanced along with narrowing TiO2 bandgap and tailoring energy band structure to make its conduction band bottom lower than the biological redox potentials (−4.12 ~ −4.84 eV) generated from the sequential redox couples in extracellular electron transfer chain of bacteria. To expand the universality of our hypothesis, we select system (iii) and reveal that W doping is able to tailor the semiconductor-tometal phase change of VO2 thin film, narrow its bandgap and increase electrical conductivity, thereby boosting the antibacterial property. In conclusion, band-structure-tunable semiconductor materials can serve as extracellular electron acceptors and interfere with electron transfer and energy metabolism to effectively inhibit bacteria growth (“bacteria starvation therapy”). Through the infection starvation therapy, the number of bacteria on biomaterial implants and infected tissues can be significantly decreased. This starvation therapy concept can also apply to cancer therapy because mitochondria are similar to bacteria on the basis of endosymbiotic theory. The “bacteria starvation therapy” provides new insights into the nano–bio interactions and paves the way for the design of novel antibacterial and anticancer nanomaterials

Biography:

Dilan Ozkan is an architect and researcher who focuses on working with living systems. She aims to push the limits of traditional architectural production and bring different approaches by discovering new material making processes. She is integrating other fields’ findings into her experimental architecture, particularly computation and biology. Dilan completed an architectural design masters at Pratt Institute in New York, where she was first inspired by the strange aesthetics of living organisms. After this, she worked for the nonprofit architecture and urban design group Terreform One. Currently, she is a PhD student at Newcastle University. Within her research, she is investigating fungi and adapting its divergent qualities to the field of architecture by demonstrating a material making principal. She formed a study group called Mycology for Architecture to collaborate with other disciplines and share knowledge about fungi.

Abstract:

Today, mycelium is used in many different ways: As packaging in industry; as acoustic panels; wall insulation; bricks in buildings; as a textile or as a raw material in designed objects such as furniture. The purpose of this research is to explore the ways to cultivate mycelium as a living building material that has its own tendencies. Going beyond the limitations of linear moulding techniques and developing a method that guides the mycelium growth will help designers to, as Richard Sennett says, always be a step ahead of the material. The first phase of the study involves experimentation by paying close attention to any factors that might cause a difference in the behaviour of mycelium, to understand its properties and nature. After having understood its act, the research will continue by the cultivation of mycelium growth. Design of an automated system that enables to reach the intended growth, by anticipating its reactions, is going to be the end product and the final phase of this investigation. In this study, rethinking about architectural fabrication that focuses on revealing potentials of living organisms such as autonomy, self-assembly or responsivity, can demonstrate a new approach in material making processes and geometries.

Key words: Cultivating mycelium, non-linear materiality, reconfigurable moulding, guided growth

Biography:

Abstract:

The present application relates to a method and System for reducing the exposure of the human head to electromagnetic radiation resulting from the use of a hands cellular phone or other radio communications device. An antenna of a cellular phone is known as a EM radiation emitter, and various Systems exist to protect users from exposure to EM radiation emitted from the antennae of cellular phones .

A]One  method for reducing the exposure of users of cellular phones to EM radiation is the use of an EM Shield around the antenna .

B]Other known method for reducing the exposure of users of cellular phones is to distance the antenna of the phone from the user's head when the phone is in use the phone with its antenna in a docking compartment remote from the user and additionally provides an EM shield for the docking compartment. Distancing the telephone from the user requires either a speaker phone or a headset.

C] Since the use of Speaker phones destroys the privacy of the conversation and may annoy others in the vicinity, a headset is often preferred .A headset, i.e., a device which includes a speaker designed to be worn in the ear cavity of or adjacent to the ear while the phone is in use, allows the user to carry the phone and associated antenna Some distance away from the head, e.g., on a belt, and reduces the intensity of the EM radiation reaching the ear from the antenna. However, it does not eliminate the exposure of the user to the EM radiation emanating from the headset Speaker and/or the electrically conducting wire connecting the Speaker to the cellular phone. Moreover, locating the Speaker of the headset in or immediately adjacent to the ear cavity places a Source of the EM radiation in the place that allows maximum EM radiation exposure to the brain.

It is accordingly an object of the paper to provide a novel method and System for reducing the potential injury from EM radiation to the user of a radio communications device. EM Shielded components for a radio communications device which may be used individually or in combination to decrease the risk of injury from electromagnetic radiation.

Biography:

Saisri Akondi is a recent graduate with a B.Tech in Biomedical Engineering from Manipal Academy of Higher Education (Manipal University). She has won numerous awards pertaining to low cost medical devices. She won New Zealand- India Sustainability Award organized by Education New Zealand for her cost effective m-Health application. She is also the Co-Investigator for Novel Vaccination Beads Project which is funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation Grant. She is also a TEDx speaker.

Abstract:

Damaged bone tissues have a remarkable ability to regenerate itself. A fractured bone when held together using a bone plate/grafts when surgically implanted has proven to regain its original strength. The most common biomaterials used in the manufacturing of bone plates in the industry are titanium and stainless steel based alloys, as the bone plates must be strong enough to give support to the fractured bone as well as bear the load normally placed on the bone while it heals. The plate must also have a stiffness similar to that of the bone to which it is attached. Evaluating the stiffness of the bone plate is important because the stress shielding increases with the difference in stiffness. Stress shielding is the phenomenon in which the implant bears most of the load normally placed on the bone. Although this is favorable while the bone is weak, but as the bone heals and regains strength, it does not allow the bone to carry an increasing load, which results in the reduction of bone density and final regained strength. The objective of the study was to suggest Freeze Dried Cortical bone plate with appropriate geometry as a biomaterial which can be used to make bone plates for fracture healing with the method of Finite Element Analysis. It was found that a curved geometry with 120º arc axis with Stainless Steel Bands can be used for optimum distribution of stresses and strains when an axial static load is applied.

Keywords: Freeze Dried Cortical Bone Plate, Biomaterials, Stress Shielding, Fracture Healing, Numerical Models.

Biography:

I’m a PhD student at UNISA from Senegal and masters II in science of material geniuses at University of Cheikh Anta Diop of Dakar of Senegal

Abstract:

The aim of this present study report on the biosynthesis and the main optical properties of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) by a completely green chemistry process using orange skin natural extract as an effective chelating agent. TiO2 metal oxide NPs shows special properties like hydrophobic nature, non-wet ability and high energy band gap. TiO2 have been the focus of many promising applications due to their low-cost availability and biocompatible such as solar cell, photo catalysis, charge spreading devices, chemical sensors, microelectronics, and electrochemistry. In addition to the X-ray diffraction investigations, the raman, attenuated total reflectance (ATR;) and fourier transform IR (FTIR) and infrared as well as the scanning electron microscopy (HR-SEM) while (TEM), and the photoluminescence (PL) emission spectra confirmed the phase tetragonal of the TiO2 nanoparticles. This green synthesis method involving TiO2 NPs explores the advantages of inexpensive and non-toxic precursors.

Key words: Biosynthesis, Titanium Oxide Nanoparticles, Citrus Sinensis