Biomaterials are constituents that are intended to interrelate with the biological system either as a part of medical device or to replace or repair any injured organs or tissues. Biomaterials can be derived either naturally or synthetically. Some of the natural Biomaterials are silk, gelatin, etc. while the Synthetic ones are the various forms of polymers, ceramics and composites. Bioceramics like Alumina, Bioglass, Zirconia are used to reestablish injured portions of musculoskeletal system and used in dental and orthopaedic fields. Biocomposites are designed by using resin and natural fibres. It can be non-wood natural fibres (rice, wheat, coconut, etc.) or wood fibres (magazines, soft and hard woods). Metals are mostly a choice of biomaterials in fields of dental, orthopaedic, cardiac implants. As metals can lead to wear, corrosion, so surface coating and modification of metals are essential for medical applications.

Biomaterials are primarily used for tissue growth and delivery of drugs, likewise their properties are also having a great impact on cell growth and proliferation of tissues. Physical properties like size, shape, surface, compartmentalization, etc. Mechanical properties includes hardness, fatigue, fracture toughness, elastic modulus, etc. Biosensors are the analytical devices which uses biological molecules can convert biological responses into electrical signals. Nanotopography means the surface characters that are formed at Nanoscale, having applications in the field of medicine and cell engineering. It can be formed by using numerous techniques such as etching, plasma functionalization, etc. Surface properties includes surface tension, surface characterization, charge - charge interaction, etc. Biohybrid materials  or Bioconjugates are those substances which are formed by linking of biogenic and non- biogenic compounds via chemical bond. Bioinspired materials are the synthetic ones which looks like that of the natural materials or living matter in case of structure, function, and properties.

Polymers are the macromolecules attained from various repeated subunits. Polymers are used as biomaterials and that can be of the following types, i.e., Natural Polymers: Chitosan, Collagen, Alginate. These natural polymers are used for drug delivery, wound dressing and tissue engineering. Synthetic Polymers like Polyvinylchloride (PVC),Polypropylene, Polymethyl methacrylate are used in implants, medical disposable supplies, dressings, etc. Biodegradable Biomaterials: Polyactide, Polyglycolide, etc. It is valuable as it regenerates tissue and does not leave residual traces on implantation. Mostly used for tissue screws, cartilage repair and drug delivery systems. Biopolymers are those which are established from the living organisms. Some of the examples are DNA, RNA, proteins, carbohydrates, etc. It can also be used as packaging material. Polymer composites are widely used for preparing medical implants.

Dental biomaterials encompass both the natural dental tissues like enamel, cementum, dentin as well as the synthetic dental materials such as polymers, composites, ceramics, etc. They are used to repair damaged, decayed teeth. These dental biomaterials are of diverse types i.e. orthodontics, braces, implants, etc. Orthodontics is a fragment of dentistry that leads to the alignment of teeth and jaws to improve oral health. Braces are mainly used in orthodontics to straighten teeth and to treat irregularities in teeth. Dental implants are the cylindrical forms made up of titanium, which is used as substitute for any missing teeth. Prosthesis means a device intended to substitute a missing part of the body Diseased or missing eyes, arms, hands, legs, or joints are replaced by using prosthetic devices. False teeth are known as dental prostheses. The dental devices report estimates the size of global dental devices and consumables market over the period 2010 – 2015. The report evaluates the key trends of the market and segments the global dental equipment and consumables market by components. The dental consumables market is predictable to witness substantial development in the coming years. The worldwide dental consumables market is expected to reach USD 35.35 Billion by 2021 from USD 25.45 Billion in 2016, at a CAGR of 6.8% from 2016 to 2021. Though, the high cost and partial reimbursement for dental care and shortage of dental professionals are likely to detain the development of this market.

Bionanomaterials are molecular materials composed partly or completely of biological molecules and resulting in structures having a Nano-scale-dimension. Magnetic nanomaterials are the magnetic particles of Nano size that are having exclusive magnetic properties. They are existing in numerous forms such as dry powders, as surface functionalized powders or as stable dispersions in a variety of solvents, both aqueous and organic. These Bionanomaterials will have possible applications as novel fibers, sensors, adhesives etc. Nano biomaterials accounts for 28.3% of the market share. Nano biomaterials are used for regeneration practices, cancer treatment, and the polymeric ones are important for gene delivery systems. Nanofiber scaffolds has diameters less than 100 nms. Nano scaffolding is a method to regrow tissue and bone, also used in stem cell expansion.

3D printing is the process of creating three- dimensional structure of biomaterials by means of computer control. With respect to the nano-scale dimensions the biomaterials are classified into three types as- Nano-particle (3D), Nano-fiber(2D) and Nano-sheet (1D). 3D bioprinting is the formation of numerous cell patterns by using printing techniques along with the layer-by-layer method to produce tissue mimetic structures without any harm in cell function that can be further used in tissue engineering. Electrospinning technology means deposition of polymer nanofibers on an object by using high voltage to a liquid polymer solution. Bioprinting helps in the research of drugs and pills by printing tissues and organs.  It is also used for micro devices and microarrays. The 3D printing materials market is expected to reach USD 1,409.5 Million by 2021 from USD 530.1 Million in 2016, at a CAGR of 21.60%.

Biodegradable metals are those that are projected to get degraded in the body securely. The metals will be mostly magnesium based or iron-based alloys. They are chiefly useful for cardiovascular implants as stents and orthopaedics. Hydrogels are the polymeric materials encompassing water, that was the primary biomaterials used. They aid in tissue engineering, implantable devices, biosensors, materials controlling the activity of enzymes, etc. Degradation of Biomaterials is a serious issue for any medical device whether it is preventing degradation of implantable devices or predicting the quantity of degradation of tissue engineering scaffolds or drug releasing elements. Nanofiber scaffolds are used for orthopaedic tissue repair and regeneration. Biomimetic materials are those materials that are capable to mimic the host system by showing cellular responses facilitated by scaffolds and peptide interactions from extracellular matrix.

Biomaterials plays an active role in delivery systems exclusively in drug delivery. Numerous kinds of drug delivery systems, surgical implants, wound closure devices, artificial organs are usually reliant on on biomaterials. Biomaterials help in gene delivery that in due course make transgene expression and tissue growth along with regeneration of tissues. Immunomodulation i.e., modulating or altering several features of immune system, the power and competence of regenerative medicine therapies can be enlarged. At present, hydrogels are termed as the smart drug delivery system, that are often used as sustained drug release systems, which has importance in the healing of cancer. Extracellular media or vesicles are used for the macromolecular drug delivery. Biomaterials can also be used for islet delivery, for imaging, etc.

Bio-inspired materials are materials that are synthesized to mimic the properties, and structure of biomaterials. Because of their relevant structure and properties, bio-inspired materials are expected to outperform the functions and characteristics of biomaterials. The main aim of synthesizing bio-inspired materials is to incorporate the unique natural properties into the materials to mimic the characteristics of biomaterials. Bio-inspired materials are developed by understanding the biological design, rules, and principles and applying them in material design.

Biophotonics is the subject that deals with the study of optical procedures in biological systems, composed those which occur naturally and in bioengineered materials. The important feature of this field is imaging and detecting cells and tissue. It also comprises of injecting fluorescent markers into a biological system to track cell dynamics and drug delivery. Biophotonics is similarly used to study biological materials or materials with assets like biological material, i.e., scattering material, on a microscopic or macroscopic scale. On the microscopic scale common applications encompass microscopy and optical coherence tomography. On the macroscopic scale, the light is diffuse and applications normally deal with diffuse optical imaging and tomography. Biomedical optics accents on the design and application of advanced optical techniques to resolve problems in medicine and biology. 

Bio-based material are formed by means of present living life forms (rather than non-sustainable non-renewable energy sources that are produced by ancient plants), with horticultural harvests and deposits, trees, and green growth. "Sustainable biomaterials" are those which are obtained from economically developed and gathered cropland or woodlands. They are fabricated without risky information sources and effects, and also sound and safe for the earth amid utilize. These materials are projected to be reutilized for example, by means of recycling or fertilizing the soil.

Tissue Engineering is the study of materials that uses the combination of cells to engineer biologically active molecules to produce well-organized tissues and organs, which can be implanted into the donor with the use of many engineered methods along with some physicochemical factors. Biomaterial supports the engineered tissues physically, and guide cells by topographical and chemical signals. Regenerative medicine is a branch of tissue engineering that deals with the process of replacing or regenerating human cells, tissues or organs to reestablish the usual biological function by means of cells, stem cells and biomaterials. Scaffolds are the materials designed to cause cellular interactions that ultimately aids in formation of new tissues. Biomaterials helps in creating new materials for tissue engineering and stem cell delivery. Bone and cartilage tissue engineering is a quickly advancing field. New method of this engineering includes periodontal tissue regeneration with mesenchymal stem cells and platelet rich plasma.

Biomaterials are the kind of materials that are introduced into the body as a medical device for medical purposes. These materials are having numerous medical applications such as cancer therapy, artificial ligaments and tendons, orthopaedic for joint replacements, bone plates, and ophthalmic applications in contact lenses, for wound healing in the form of surgical sutures, clips, nerve regeneration, in reproductive therapy as breast implants, etc. These materials also have some non-medical applications such as to grow cells in culture medium, assay of blood proteins in laboratories, etc. 

Biofunctional materials are biomolecules which are functionalized for material design. Biomolecules are highly attractive materials because of their attractive properties like storage and release of water, biological signalling, and even they can form biofunctional matrix which can be useful to host living cells. We cannot rebuild biomolecules but we can modify them and use it in material design to acquire required properties. We can adjust their properties by using different conjugation techniques. Various conjugation techniques can be used in order to integrate additional functional groups into them.

By definition, Nanomaterials are materials of which a single unit is sized between 1 to 100 nm. Nanomedicine is the exponentially growing in the last decades. An application of nanotechnology to health is the main concept of Nanomedicine. Multifunctional BioNanomaterials have been developing for applications like drug delivery, biosensing, and bioengineering. Nanoparticles which possess unique properties that make them useful in biological applications like Drug Delivery, Regenerative Medicine are called as Bio-Nanomaterials. These materials are exploring for various biomedical applications like tissue engineering, and biosensors. The requirement of size and biocompatibility made researchers to explore more about Bionanomaterials for developing more unique functional properties to employ them in biomedical applications. There are different types of Bionanomaterials like Metal Based Bionanomaterials, Metal Oxide-Based Bio-Nanomaterials, and Semiconductor-Based Bionanomaterials.

The biomaterials market comprises all kinds of biomaterials such as ceramics, composites, biodegradable, orthopaedic materials, etc. The market is anticipated to reach $130.57 billion by 2020, at a progress of CGAR of 16% from 2015-2020 prediction. Biomaterials have applications in the field of oncology i.e, the study of prevention, treatment of cancer. Few biomaterials companies that are comprised in the global biomaterials market are Zimmer Biomet Holdings, Inc. (U.S.), Carpenter Technology Corporation (U.S.), Covalon Technologies Ltd. (Canada), Evonik Industries AG (Germany), BASF SE (Germany), Invibio Ltd. (U.K.), Berkeley Advanced Biomaterials, Inc. (U.S.), CAM Bioceramics BV (Netherlands), and Collagen Matrix, Inc. (U.S.).